CNMC reports high cloud market concentration in Spain

The Spanish National Commission on Markets and Competition (CNMC) has reported significant market concentration in the country's cloud computing sector. Amazon and Microsoft dominate the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) market, collectively holding between 60% and 70% of the market share. When including Google, the combined share of the top three providers reaches between 65% and 80%.

The report highlights a critical issue regarding vendor lock-in, noting that switching providers is exceptionally rare. Only approximately 2% of business customers have changed their primary provider, and only about 5% utilize a multi-cloud strategy.

Beyond contractual obligations, the CNMC identifies technical barriers to interoperability and portability as major obstacles. The use of proprietary databases, serverless functions, and specialized AI tools makes migrating to different platforms difficult. Additionally, commercial practices such as data egress fees and specific discount structures for high consumption levels further discourage competition and the use of multiple providers.