Coffee provides health benefits but excessive intake carries risks

Coffee contains caffeine, a natural stimulant that can enhance cognitive functions such as memory and concentration, improve athletic performance, reduce fluid retention and relieve headaches. It is also rich in antioxidants, B‑vitamins, magnesium, potassium and polyphenols that protect cells from aging.

High consumption of coffee may lead to adverse effects, including anxiety, rapid heartbeat, headaches, stomach acidity and a modest rise in cholesterol. Health authorities recommend not exceeding three to four cups (around 400 mg of caffeine) per day. Different coffee types (natural roast, torrefacto, blends, soluble, capsules) vary in nutritional quality, and decaffeinated coffee retains most antioxidants but lacks caffeine‑related benefits.