Colombo high population density drives tuberculosis spread

Sri Lanka’s Health Minister, Dr. Nalinda Jayatissa, informed Parliament that high population density and cramped living conditions in Colombo are primary drivers of tuberculosis (TB) transmission. Addressing concerns raised by MP Mujibur Rahuman, the Minister noted that urban overcrowding in underserved settlements makes physical distancing difficult, facilitating the spread of the airborne bacteria.

Data presented to the House shows that TB cases in Colombo city peaked at 1,130 in 2023. Following this peak, cases declined to 1,064 in 2024 and further to 968 in 2025. Within the Colombo District, approximately 25% of all reported TB cases originate from within the Colombo Municipal Council limits.

Nationally, Sri Lanka detects between 8,500 and 9,500 cases annually. However, experts suggest a significant detection gap exists, as World Health Organization estimates place the true annual incidence closer to 14,000 cases. To combat the spread, the government is providing free medication, mobile treatment services, and X-ray examinations.