Colonoscopic screening urged to detect polyps and lower cancer risk

Colonoscopy is described as one of the most accurate examinations of the large intestine, allowing doctors to assess the colon lining, identify inflammation, sources of bleeding, polyps and precancerous changes. The procedure uses a flexible tube with a camera, typically lasts 20–40 minutes, and can include biopsy, polyp removal and haemostasis. It can be performed with sedation for greater comfort. Screening is recommended for people over 50, or earlier for those with a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps. Preparation involves a low‑fiber diet a few days before the examination, clear liquids the day before, and laxatives as prescribed.

Colon polyps are common and mostly benign, but certain types—especially adenomas larger than 1 cm or with villous features—can progress to colorectal cancer over 5–10 years. Risk factors include age over 50, genetic predisposition, high consumption of red or processed meat, low fiber intake, smoking, excessive alcohol, obesity and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. Polyps often cause no symptoms, but possible signs are rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, unexplained anemia, weight loss or abdominal pain. Early detection through colonoscopy enables removal of polyps and significantly lowers the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Clinics offering the service are located in Vilnius, Kaunas and Klaipėda.