Contact dermatitis: causes, symptoms, and types

Contact dermatitis is a skin condition characterized by inflammation resulting from direct exposure to specific substances. According to dermatologist Ricardo Fontes, the condition manifests through various signs and symptoms depending on the type of exposure.

There are two primary forms: irritant and allergic dermatitis. Irritant dermatitis accounts for approximately 80% of cases. It occurs when substances like soaps, cleaning products, bleach, solvents, or even soil cause local inflammation through direct contact, often influenced by factors such as exposure time and heat, rather than a specific allergy.

Allergic contact dermatitis occurs when the immune system has been previously sensitized to a substance. Common triggers include metals—specifically nickel found in jewelry—as well as fragrances and preservatives used in cosmetics and personal hygiene products.