Cortisol levels and their impact on metabolism and weight

Cortisol, often referred to as the stress hormone, plays a critical role in regulating blood pressure, glucose metabolism, and immune responses. While it is essential for mobilizing energy during acute stress or physical exertion, prolonged elevation of cortisol levels can lead to various physiological issues.

In individuals over the age of 50, hormonal shifts such as menopause or changes in testosterone, combined with reduced sleep quality, can disrupt metabolic balance. This may result in chronic fatigue, higher blood pressure, and a specific pattern of fat distribution, particularly an accumulation of abdominal fat and a loss of muscle tone in the limbs.

Similarly, high-intensity physical training can trigger cortisol release. If intense workouts are not balanced with adequate recovery, restrictive dieting, or management of daily stress, the resulting sustained high cortisol levels can promote muscle catabolism and visceral fat storage rather than weight loss.