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Cosmic Microwave Background radiation maintains universe temperature

In the free interstellar space away from stars, the universe maintains a base temperature of approximately minus 270.4 degrees Celsius (about 2.725 Kelvin). This temperature sits just above absolute zero, which is defined as 0 Kelvin or minus 273.15 degrees Celsius.

This thermal state is maintained by the cosmic microwave background radiation, a relic from the early universe. This electromagnetic residual radiation formed roughly 380,000 years after the Big Bang, approximately 13.8 billion years ago, when the universe cooled sufficiently for the first neutral atoms to form and light to travel freely. Due to cosmic expansion over billions of years, these light waves have cooled to the current background temperature, which uniformly fills space and keeps objects in deep space at around minus 270 degrees Celsius.

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Big Bang · Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

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