Cova de les Dones: 120 Roman inscriptions found in Spanish cave

Archaeologists have discovered at least 120 Latin inscriptions in the Cova de les Dones (Cave of the Women) near Millares, Valencia. This recent excavation has significantly expanded upon previous findings from 2024, which had only identified approximately 15 inscriptions.

Most of the texts are provisionally dated to the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. The concentration of these inscriptions in a deep, remote section of the cave supports the theory that the site served as a Roman sanctuary. Several inscriptions mention the term ‘Domina’, often accompanied by the name ‘Malaci’, suggesting the worship of a female deity potentially associated with water, given the presence of natural basins within the cave.

In addition to the inscriptions, researchers recovered various artifacts interpreted as offerings, including chalice-like vessels, rings, a bracelet, ceramic fragments, and spindle whorls—tools traditionally associated with women in ancient contexts.