AI transforms anesthesiology with advanced risk prediction and personalized care

A systematic review of literature published between 2021 and 2025 examined how artificial intelligence (AI) is being integrated into anesthesiology. The analysis found that AI models can predict 30‑day postoperative mortality with an area under the ROC curve up to 0.97 and acute kidney injury with AUCs ranging from 0.78 to 0.90, outperforming traditional scoring systems. Closed‑loop anesthesia delivery systems driven by AI have shown improved hemodynamic stability and reduced drug consumption. In addition, AI‑based clinical simulation and digital‑twin technologies are being used for training and pre‑operative rehearsal, offering personalized scenario planning. The review highlights technical challenges such as model generalization, interpretability, and the need for robust ethical‑regulatory frameworks before widespread clinical adoption can occur.