Cuba's population shrinks by over 300,000 in 2025 amid mass emigration
Cuba's National Office of Statistics and Information reported that the island’s population at the end of 2025 stood at 9,434,593, which is 313,414 fewer people than a year earlier. The decline continues a trend that began in 2021, with an annual decrease rate of about –32.7 per 1,000 inhabitants.
The demographic loss is driven by two main factors. Natural change was negative, with only 68,064 births recorded against 136,214 deaths. Migration also contributed a net loss of roughly 245,264 people, bringing the total number of Cubans who left the country in 2025 to close to a quarter‑million. The total fertility rate fell to 1.29 children per woman, the lowest level since 1958, and the proportion of residents aged 60 or older reached 26.7% (about 2.5 million people).