Diabetes recognition expands with official acknowledgment of fifth type

The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has officially recognized a fifth type of diabetes in 2025, linked to prolonged undernutrition. This condition is estimated to affect 20 to 25 million people worldwide, primarily in low- and middle-income countries across Asia and Africa. It is frequently observed in thin adolescents and young adults who have experienced long-term nutrient deficiencies.

While the World Health Organization (WHO) previously categorized malnutrition-related diabetes as a separate entity in 1985, it was removed in 1999 due to a lack of evidence. Researchers now suggest that chronic nutrient deficiency can damage pancreatic development and insulin production capabilities. This distinction is critical because the underlying causes and necessary treatments differ from the more common Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes.

In addition to new classifications, health experts emphasize the importance of blood sugar management to prevent severe complications. Chronic high blood sugar can damage blood vessels and nerves, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney damage, and vision loss. In severe, untreated cases, nerve damage and poor circulation can lead to foot ulcers and potential amputation.