Diesel particulate filter technologies and maintenance

Diesel particulate filters, known as FAP or DPF, are critical components used to reduce solid particulate emissions (PM10 and PM2.5) in diesel engines. While the terms are often used interchangeably, they represent different technologies. The FAP system, patented by the PSA Group and used by Ford and Volvo, utilizes a cerium dioxide additive to lower the combustion temperature required to burn soot. In contrast, the DPF system used by most other manufacturers operates without fuel additives, relying on higher temperatures to burn trapped soot.

Common issues include filter clogging, often caused by short urban trips that prevent the system from reaching necessary regeneration temperatures. When the warning light activates, it may indicate the system can no longer self-clean, potentially leading to engine protection modes and reduced power. Maintenance is particularly critical around the 100,000 to 150,000 km mark, as accumulated ash can render automatic regeneration ineffective. Professional solutions include hydrodynamic washing and high-temperature drying, which can restore efficiency to 95-98% of a new filter, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to full replacement.