Dry indoor air increases risks of infections and skin irritation

Dry air caused by heating systems during winter months can lead to various physical discomforts and health risks. According to the German Association of Otolaryngologists, low humidity can cause the tear film in eyes to evaporate more quickly and dry out nasal mucous membranes. This can result in itching, burning, and the formation of painful cracks or crusts in the nose, which may increase the risk of infections as healthy mucous membranes are essential for protecting against pathogens.

Skin irritation, such as angular cheilitis (commonly known as cracked corners of the mouth), is also more frequent in winter due to the combination of cold outdoor air and dry indoor heating. These cracks often occur because the skin loses elasticity or because saliva accumulates in the corners of the mouth, irritating the area with digestive enzymes.

To mitigate these effects, experts recommend maintaining indoor humidity levels between 40 and 60 percent through regular ventilation, opening windows for five minutes several times a day. Other methods include using a humidifier or placing water-filled bowls on radiators, though the latter requires frequent cleaning to prevent bacterial growth. Inhaling saline solutions can also provide moisture to the respiratory tract.