Early signs of respiratory failure in newborns

Preterm infants face a higher risk of respiratory failure due to underdeveloped lungs and a lack of surfactant, a substance that prevents alveoli from collapsing during exhalation. According to the World Health Organization, deaths in the first 28 days of life account for approximately 47% of all deaths in children under five globally.

Dr. Nguyen Thanh Nam, Director of the Pediatric Center at Bach Mai Hospital, notes that respiratory failure can progress rapidly. Key warning signs include grunting during exhalation, a breathing rate exceeding 60 breaths per minute while resting, chest retractions, nasal flaring, irregular breathing, or apnea.

Other critical indicators include poor feeding, lethargy, decreased movement, or cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin, lips, or tongue). Immediate medical intervention is required if these symptoms appear. Medical treatments may include continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), surfactant supplementation, or intensive resuscitation.