Edinburgh and Bristol Zebrafish Study Finds Genetic Drivers of Back Pain

Researchers at the University of Edinburgh and the University of Bristol used zebrafish lacking a functional copy of the collagen IX gene to model intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). The fish developed spinal fusions and mineralised tissue similar to human disc disease, revealing that loss of a scaffold layer precedes mineral buildup.

Gene‑expression analysis identified disrupted fat metabolism, the mTOR growth‑control pathway, phosphate handling and vitamin‑A signalling as key mechanisms. Treatment with a bisphosphonate drug, reduced feeding, or drugs that dampen fat metabolism lessened spinal damage, suggesting new therapeutic targets for the millions affected by back pain. The work was funded by Arthritis UK and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council.