Emergency response guide for severe food allergic reactions

Severe food allergic reactions can rapidly escalate into anaphylactic shock, a life-threatening medical emergency that affects multiple organ systems, including the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. In Italy, approximately one in ten adults suffers from a food allergy, with a significant portion at risk of anaphylaxis.

Key warning signs of anaphylaxis include intense itching, widespread hives, swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat, difficulty breathing, coughing, chest tightness, and changes in voice. Physical symptoms may also include nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, dizziness, low blood pressure, and loss of consciousness.

Immediate action is critical. Guidelines recommend calling emergency services (112/118) immediately rather than waiting to see if symptoms improve. If an adrenaline auto-injector is available, it should be used promptly. For conscious individuals not experiencing severe respiratory distress, laying them flat with legs elevated can help maintain blood flow to the heart. It is vital to monitor the person's breathing and consciousness until professional medical help arrives.