Europe evaluates An-124 modernization or new aircraft to replace Boeing C-17

An EU-funded study has identified two primary options for addressing Europe’s strategic heavy airlift requirements: the deep modernization of the Antonov An-124-100 fleet or the development of a new European aircraft to replace the Boeing C-17 Globemaster III.

The European System for Outsized Cargo Airlift (ESOCA) consortium, led by Airbus Defence and Space, presented its 18-month study findings to the European Defence Agency on September 8, 2026. The consortium includes 14 entities from eight countries, including Leonardo, Safran Aircraft Engines, and ITP Aero.

Currently, many European nations rely on the Strategic Airlift International Solution (SALIS) to access Ukrainian An-124 aircraft for transporting heavy military equipment like armored vehicles and helicopters. The ESOCA study aims to ensure Europe can maintain this capability as existing aircraft reach the end of their operational lives. EU member states are scheduled to review the study's conclusions and operational requirements during the Strategic Transport Days in Brussels on October 21 and 22, 2026.