European cardiology guidelines introduce four stages of heart failure

New European cardiology guidelines have introduced a four-stage classification for heart failure, similar to cancer progression, to facilitate earlier detection and intervention. According to physician Mihail Pautov, the stages are categorized as follows:

Stage A involves a healthy heart but the presence of risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, or obesity. Stage B involves structural heart changes without symptoms. Stage C is characterized by symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath during exertion, or swelling in the legs. Stage D represents advanced heart failure.

Medical experts emphasize that the first two stages offer the greatest opportunity for impactful intervention. Identifying these issues early is critical, as many cardiovascular conditions, including hypertension and atherosclerosis, can progress silently without obvious symptoms. Common warning signs that require medical evaluation include chest pain or pressure, palpitations, dizziness, and unusual fatigue. Regular medical check-ups, including electrocardiograms and echocardiograms, are recommended to manage risk factors and ensure timely diagnosis.