European mobile technology leadership at risk amid 5G and 6G challenges

The development of mobile networks and fiber optic infrastructure are deeply interconnected. While mobile signals travel wirelessly between devices and base stations, the vast majority of data transmission relies on fixed-line connections. High-capacity fiber optic networks are essential for connecting base stations to the core network and the internet, particularly for managing the massive data volumes required by 5G technology.

In Europe, the transition from 5G to 6G presents strategic challenges. A study by the European Centre for International Political Economy (ECIPE) suggests that while the EU possesses significant telecommunications expertise and structural capabilities, its leadership position in future technologies like 6G may be at risk. This potential decline is attributed to regulatory hurdles and the slow rollout of 5G infrastructure rather than a lack of technical knowledge.

6G is expected to move beyond simple internet speed, aiming to create an integrated system of communication, data processing, and artificial intelligence. This infrastructure will support physical AI applications, including autonomous vehicles, robotics, and the integration of satellite networks.