European rivers face rising salinization and water scarcity

A study published in Nature Communications reveals that approximately half of Europe's rivers are experiencing freshwater salinization. In 28 of the 35 countries analyzed, salinity levels have more than doubled compared to natural conditions. Over 23,000 km of the river network—roughly 2%—exceeds 1 mS/cm, a level that surpasses international standards for protecting aquatic life.

In addition to rising salinity, European waterways face pressures from droughts, heatwaves, and declining water levels. The research, involving scientists from the European Commission's Joint Research Centre, categorizes the severity of salinization across the continent, noting that 9% of affected areas face grave conditions and 1% face extreme levels.

In Italy, specifically within the Po Valley, water scarcity is also being addressed through soil management. A report by Save Soil suggests that increasing soil organic matter can significantly improve water retention. It estimates that a 1% increase in organic matter allows one hectare of land to hold approximately 250,000 liters more rainwater. This approach aims to mitigate drought effects and reduce pressure on water resources through regenerative agricultural practices.