Extreme heat causes asphalt deformation and road damage

Rising temperatures and extreme heatwaves are significantly impacting road infrastructure by altering the physical properties of asphalt. As ambient temperatures rise, asphalt surfaces can reach much higher temperatures, sometimes exceeding 60 degrees Celsius. This heat softens the bituminous binder that holds the stone aggregate together, making the road surface more susceptible to deformation.

Heavy vehicle traffic exacerbates this issue, leading to the formation of permanent ruts and depressions on high-traffic sections. These deformations pose safety risks, such as increased hydroplaning during heavy rainfall when water collects in the ruts. Experts, including Lidija Ržek from the Institute for Construction in Slovenia (ZAG), note that these issues are not merely due to age or traffic volume but are increasingly driven by climate-related heat stress.

To combat these challenges, engineers are looking toward developing new asphalt mixtures capable of withstanding higher temperatures and more frequent extreme weather events. Additionally, the use of advanced diagnostic tools, such as laser scanners, sensors, and cameras, is becoming more common to detect cracks and overheating sections before they become visible hazards.