Fever and Heat‑Related Illness Guidance

Fever is a normal immune response, but medical attention is advised when temperatures exceed specific limits or persist. Axillary readings above 37.5 °C, oral above 37.8 °C, and rectal in infants above 38 °C indicate fever; readings above 39 °C are considered high fever, and any measurement above 40 °C requires immediate care, especially for babies and young children. Persistent fever for more than three days, fever in infants under three months, or accompanying seizures also warrant prompt evaluation.

Heat‑related illnesses range from thermal exhaustion to heat stroke. Thermal exhaustion develops from prolonged exposure to high temperatures and dehydration, producing heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea, and pale, moist skin. Heat stroke is a medical emergency where the body’s cooling fails, leading to a dry, hot, reddened skin, body temperature above 40 °C, rapid pulse, confusion, loss of consciousness, and possible seizures. Children, the elderly, and individuals wearing heavy clothing are at higher risk. Immediate hospital care is essential for heat stroke, while rehydration and rest are primary for thermal exhaustion.

Both conditions emphasize the importance of adequate fluid and electrolyte replacement, monitoring of vital signs, and seeking professional medical help when warning thresholds are crossed.