France and US set quantum‑safe encryption deadlines for 2030 and 2031

France’s cybersecurity agency ANSSI announced it will cease certifying products that lack quantum‑resistant encryption by 2027 and will require all government bodies and critical‑infrastructure operators to use only quantum‑safe products by 2030. The move is part of a €3 billion national quantum‑technology plan and was described by ANSSI chief of staff Samih Souissi as “a matter of governance, industrial planning, regulation, and sovereignty.”

In the United States, two executive orders signed in 2025 compel all federal agencies to replace classical digital‑signature schemes with NIST‑standardized post‑quantum algorithms by 2031. The mandate applies to every system handling federal data but does not cover Bitcoin. Analysts note that post‑quantum signatures are many times larger than current ECDSA signatures, potentially reducing blockchain transaction throughput by up to 90% if applied.