French automotive history: Citroën and Renault fuel efficiency efforts

Historical reviews highlight the evolution of fuel efficiency and engineering in the French automotive industry during the early 1980s.

In 1981, the Citroën GSA Spécial 5 Vitesses was tested as an attempt to provide a more economical option for mid-sized sedans. While the vehicle was noted for its base qualities and safety, the five-speed transmission was criticized for being poorly suited to the small engine, resulting in a lack of responsiveness in the fifth gear.

Concurrently, Renault focused on extreme fuel economy through its VESTA and VESTA II prototype programs. Driven by the oil shocks of 1973 and 1979, the French Ministry of Industry challenged manufacturers to design vehicles capable of consuming less than 3 liters per 100 km. Led by designer and aerodynamicist Gaston Juchet, the VESTA project aimed for a consumption rate of just 2 liters per 100 km through advanced aerodynamics and weight reduction.