Fructose consumption and glucose management linked to vascular health

Research published in the journal ‘Molecular Medicine’ indicates that high and continuous consumption of fructose, commonly found in sugary drinks and ultra-processed foods, may weaken the natural defenses of arteries against calcification. A study led by Dr. Ricardo Villa Bellosta at CiMUS (USC and IDIS) suggests that prolonged exposure to high levels of free fructose impairs mitochondrial function in the liver, reducing the production of ATP and pyrophosphate. Pyrophosphate is a key molecule that prevents calcium and phosphate from forming crystals in blood vessel walls.

The researchers emphasized that this does not apply to whole fruit consumption, which contains fiber and vitamins that slow sugar absorption. Instead, the risk is associated with the frequent intake of free fructose found in processed products.

To manage glucose levels and avoid spikes—defined as blood sugar exceeding 180 mg/dL—experts recommend not consuming carbohydrates in isolation. Pairing starches or sugars with healthy fats and proteins, such as eating an apple with nuts, can act as a natural brake on sugar absorption. Prioritizing low-glycemic carbohydrates like rye, spelt, or buckwheat, and increasing fiber intake through vegetables and legumes, are also key strategies for stabilizing blood sugar.