Gaza peace roadmap faces challenges over disarmament and enforcement

A 15-point roadmap for Gaza, published by Donald Trump’s Board of Peace in late July, proposes that Hamas hand over weapons to a committee of Palestinian technocrats certified by an international body, alongside a phased Israeli withdrawal from the strip. Following Israel's rejection of the plan on August 9, US envoy Jared Kushner met with Hamas representatives on the Egyptian coast and subsequently traveled to Jerusalem. In Jerusalem, a proposal was made to have weapons handed over under the supervision of an American general.

Analysis of peace efforts in 2025 suggests a recurring failure to establish enforcement and arbitration mechanisms. While agreements in January, October, and November 2025 addressed hostage exchanges, prisoner releases, and transitional authorities, they lacked predefined processes for certifying compliance or adjudicating disputes. Previous deals, including the detailed January 2025 agreement, specified logistics such as troop withdrawal corridors and the sequence of displaced families' return, but failed to define how to handle breaches of the terms.