Genetics and cancer risk: Understanding hereditary vs. acquired factors

Genetic factors play a significant role in health, but they are not the sole determinant for most conditions. In the case of cancer, hereditary mutations account for only 5 to 10 percent of all cases. The vast majority, approximately 90 percent, are acquired through aging, environmental exposure such as UV radiation or tobacco smoke, or random cellular errors.

Dr. Luka Jovanović, a radiation oncology specialist, notes that genes determine susceptibility rather than destiny. While a family history of cancer increases probability, it is not a guarantee of illness. True hereditary syndromes are characterized by specific patterns, such as multiple generations being affected or onset at an unusually young age.

Understanding family medical history is critical for preventive care. Key areas of hereditary concern include sudden deaths in ancestors under age 40, which may indicate undiagnosed heart conditions; dental health issues; prostate problems; and high cholesterol, which can significantly increase the risk of coronary artery disease.