Global democracy faces institutional erosion and polarization

Global democratic institutions are facing significant challenges characterized by political polarization, inequality, and a decline in institutional trust. Data from Freedom House indicates that 2025 marked the twentieth consecutive year of declining global freedom, while V-Dem has warned of the expanding influence of autocratic regimes.

In the United States, intense polarization surrounds issues such as immigration, the media, and the limits of presidential power. European trends show the electoral rise of parties like Alternative für Deutschland in Germany, Marine Le Pen’s National Rally in France, and the government of Giorgia Meloni in Italy, reflecting debates over sovereignty and identity. Additionally, military coups in Africa and post-election polarization in Brazil have further tested the ability of states to protect democratic order and institutional integrity.