Global populist movements utilize the concept of ‘the people’ to gain political influence

Populist movements are increasing globally, often framing themselves as the sole representatives of an oppressed electorate against corrupt elites. While the term is widely used, definitions vary, with scholars viewing it as an ideology, a form of discourse, or a style of governance.

This political framework divides society into two opposing groups: the ‘pure people’ and the ‘corrupt elite’. The concept of ‘the people’ remains highly elastic, allowing leaders across the political spectrum to claim moral superiority. Examples of such figures include right-wing leaders like Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil and Narendra Modi in India, as well as left-wing figures such as Bernie Sanders in the US, Pablo Iglesias in Spain, and Julius Malema in South Africa.