Gospel of Matthew explores the greatest commandment

Based on the Gospel of Matthew (22:34-40), religious scholars examine the interaction between Jesus and the Pharisees regarding the greatest commandment. Following a dispute with the Sadducees, a teacher of the law questioned Jesus to test him on which commandment in the Law was most important.

Jesus responded by synthesizing the Shema Israel and Levitical teachings, stating that the first and greatest commandment is to love God with all one's heart, soul, and mind. He identified a second, similar commandment: to love one's neighbor as oneself. These two principles are described as the foundation upon which all the Law and the Prophets depend.

The texts note that this response revolutionized religious practice by moving beyond the strict enumeration of the 613 precepts (Mitzvot) found in the Torah. Instead, it emphasizes a total dedication of the person—involving decisions, vital essence, and intelligence—and establishes love for one's neighbor as the tangible measure of one's love for God.