GPS antenna splitters: Active vs. passive signal distribution

GPS antenna splitters are radio frequency devices used in telecommunications, military, and industrial sectors to distribute a single satellite signal from one antenna to multiple receivers. These devices are categorized into two main types: active and passive.

Passive splitters function without external power but can cause significant insertion loss, which is the reduction of signal power caused by the splitting process. This loss can weaken signals to the point where receivers cannot lock onto satellites, resulting in a loss of position and timing data. Passive models are generally best suited for short-run cables where the incoming signal is strong.

Active splitters utilize built-in Low Noise Amplifiers (LNAs) to boost the signal before it is divided. This amplification compensates for intrinsic insertion loss, ensuring the signal strength remains above the receiver’s acquisition threshold. Active splitters are considered more reliable for complex telecommunication setups as they maintain signal power and help preserve the signal-to-noise ratio.