H5N1 avian influenza research highlights risks to diverse livestock

A study led by Iowa State University researchers indicates that the mammary glands of several livestock species, including pigs, sheep, goats, beef cattle, and alpacas, are biologically suitable to harbor the H5N1 avian influenza virus. The research, published in the Journal of Dairy Science, found that high levels of sialic acid in these glands provide the necessary docking stations for the virus to infect host cells.

Lead author Rahul Nelli noted that the findings suggest a potential for transmission among these domestic mammals and humans. While only sporadic cases have been reported in the examined species, researchers emphasize that these animals are not currently being tested on a widespread basis.

In response to evolving highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) threats, industry professionals are also exploring enhanced biosecurity measures. At the 2026 World Pork Expo, discussions highlighted the increasing importance of specialized air filtration systems in swine and poultry barns to mitigate the impact of virulent viral strains.