Health implications of persistent hoarseness

Hoarseness is a significant symptom that can indicate various underlying medical conditions and should not be ignored. Medical experts advise that if hoarseness persists for more than two weeks, a consultation with an otorhinolaryngologist or phoniatrician is necessary.

According to Professor Dr. Sanja Krejović, causes of hoarseness can be organic, such as polyps, nodules, cysts, papillomas, and tumors, or functional, resulting from improper or excessive use of the voice. It can also be psychogenic or linked to neurological diseases and complications following surgeries on the thyroid, lungs, or carotid artery.

Reflux disease is noted as a common cause and a risk factor for laryngeal carcinoma, particularly in smokers. Diagnostic procedures, such as endovideolaryngostroboscopy, allow for a detailed examination of the larynx and vocal cord vibrations, which can assist in the early detection of cancer. Treatment typically involves addressing the root cause—such as infections, allergies, or reflux—alongside voice and swallowing rehabilitation.