Health risks of cold temperatures for humans and dogs

Cold weather poses significant physiological risks to both humans and domestic animals. For humans, dropping temperatures cause blood vessels to constrict and blood pressure to rise, increasing the risk of angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction. Research indicates that in the US, the risk of a heart attack is twice as high in winter months compared to summer. An international analysis of 74 million deaths across 13 countries found that 7.29 percent of deaths were associated with cold, significantly higher than those associated with heat.

Dogs are also vulnerable to extreme temperatures. Risk factors for canine frostbite and hypothermia include breed, coat type, age, and health status. Small breeds, short-haired dogs without undercoats, puppies, and senior or ill animals are at higher risk. Vulnerable body parts for dogs include the ears, paw pads, tail, and genitals. Experts recommend using protective clothing like dog coats for sensitive animals and warming affected areas with lukewarm water rather than rubbing them if frostbite is suspected.