Heart attack symptoms and prevention strategies

Cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks, remain a leading cause of death globally and in Brazil. In Brazil, the Ministry of Health reports between 300,000 and 400,000 cases annually, with one death occurring for every five to seven cases.

Recognizing symptoms is critical for survival. While chest pain—often described as pressure, tightness, or a heavy sensation—is a primary indicator, symptoms can vary. They may include shortness of breath or pain radiating to the left arm, back, neck, jaw, or abdomen. In some instances, symptoms may be mistaken for indigestion or heartburn.

For those who have already experienced a heart attack, the risk of a secondary event is significantly higher, particularly during the first year. Medical experts emphasize that intensive prevention is necessary, including medication, lifestyle changes, and strict control of risk factors such as blood pressure, diabetes, and LDL cholesterol levels. Current recommendations suggest targeting an LDL level below 55 mg/dL for high-risk patients.