Heat pump market shows rapid growth and efficiency variations

The market for air-to-water heat pumps using R290 refrigerant has seen significant growth. In Germany, the number of eligible models on the BAFA list rose from fewer than 600 in October 2023 to approximately 2,150 by September 2026. While roughly 90% of these models achieve an A+++ energy efficiency rating, substantial variations exist in efficiency metrics during heating operations.

Technical analysis of 25 heat pump models with a heating capacity of 12 to 15 kW reveals that efficiency is influenced by evaporator size, compressor design, and specific components within the refrigeration circuit. Comparisons are often complex due to variations in how manufacturers define nominal heating capacity under DIN EN 14511 standards.

When considering heat pump investments, lifespan is a critical factor. Air-to-water heat pumps account for approximately 90% of annual sales in Germany. While these systems serve as climate-friendly alternatives to oil and gas, ground-source or water-source heat pumps are noted by manufacturers to potentially offer longer operational lifespans than air-to-water models.