Heatstroke vs Sunburn: Key Differences and First‑Aid Advice

Heatstroke and sunburn are common summer health risks that are often confused. Heatstroke results from the body's inability to cool itself in high ambient temperatures and can occur without direct sunlight, such as in poorly ventilated rooms, cars or gyms. Symptoms include nausea, confusion, rapid breathing, a fast pulse and sometimes fever. Sunburn, by contrast, is caused by direct exposure to ultraviolet radiation and typically presents with skin redness, pain, swelling and, in severe cases, blistering.

Both conditions most frequently affect small children, the elderly and individuals with obesity, though anyone can be vulnerable. Prevention measures include staying hydrated, limiting exposure to direct sun, wearing protective clothing and sunscreen, and using shade or cooling devices. If someone shows signs of heatstroke or sunburn, move them to a cool, shaded, well‑ventilated place, remove excess clothing, and apply cool compresses to the head, neck, armpits and groin. Offer lukewarm fluids—such as electrolyte drinks or lightly sweetened tea—but avoid ice‑cold drinks. Monitor the person closely and seek medical help promptly if symptoms are severe.