Hedgehog anatomy and common health indicators

Hedgehog spines are modified hairs composed of keratin that serve as a primary defensive mechanism. Unlike porcupine quills, hedgehog spines are firmly attached to the body and are relatively flexible, tapering to a point. While they can cause discomfort or prick the skin, they are designed to act as a deterrent to predators by creating a prickly barrier when the animal curls into a ball, rather than functioning as deep-piercing weapons.

In terms of health, excessive salivation or drooling in hedgehogs is an abnormal behavior that often indicates serious underlying medical issues. Potential causes include dental diseases such as gingivitis, periodontitis, or abscesses; oral ulcers and injuries; neurological problems like strokes or brain tumors; and respiratory infections. Because drooling can be a symptom of systemic disease, immediate veterinary attention is recommended to identify and treat the cause.