Herpes zoster risks and prevention through vaccination

Herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles, is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus responsible for chickenpox. While the virus remains dormant in the body for life, it can reactivate when immunity decreases due to aging, chronic illnesses, or immunosuppressive treatments.

Symptoms typically include intense pain, burning, or tingling, followed by a red rash and fluid-filled blisters that often appear in a band-like pattern on one side of the torso, neck, or face. A significant complication is postherpetic neuralgia, where pain persists long after the blisters have healed. Medical experts warn that if symptoms appear near the eye, immediate consultation is necessary to prevent permanent damage.

Vaccination is a primary prevention method, with some studies indicating it can reduce risk by up to 97%. While highly recommended for individuals over 50 and those with compromised immunity, availability varies; in Brazil, for example, the vaccine is currently available in private clinics and pharmacies rather than through the public health system (SUS).