High blood glucose levels and their link to chronic disease

Medical experts explain the risks associated with chronic high blood glucose levels and why postprandial (after-meal) glucose levels may be elevated even when fasting glucose levels appear normal.

High blood sugar levels can lead to serious complications, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, and cerebrovascular diseases like stroke. A common phenomenon is the ‘glucose spike,’ where blood sugar rises sharply after consuming refined carbohydrates and then drops rapidly. This process can damage blood vessel walls and accelerate arteriosclerosis.

It is possible for an individual to have normal fasting glucose levels while experiencing high postprandial glucose. This often occurs in the early stages of type 2 diabetes or in cases of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). This discrepancy can be caused by delayed insulin secretion or insulin resistance, where the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin due to factors like obesity or lack of exercise.

To mitigate these risks, medical professionals suggest avoiding prolonged sitting immediately after meals. Engaging in light physical activity, such as walking or performing household chores within 30 to 60 minutes after eating, can help the body utilize glucose more efficiently and protect vascular health.