Historical milestones and anniversaries of August 28 and 29

The provided texts document various historical events and anniversaries occurring on August 28 and 29.

Key historical milestones include the 1825 recognition of Brazilian independence by Portugal and the 1933 creation of the Portuguese political police, the PVDE. Other notable events include the 1990 annexation of Kuwait by Iraq and the 2021 conclusion of the French withdrawal from Afghanistan.

Cultural and biographical notes mention the births of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Leo Tolstoy, as well as the deaths of actress Ingrid Bergman and French Prime Minister Pierre Messmer.