Historical milestones observed on November 1

November 1 marks several significant historical events, including the devastating 1755 Lisbon earthquake that killed at least 60,000 people and destroyed much of the city. The reconstruction of Lisbon led to the creation of the Baixa Pombalina district under the direction of the Marquis of Pombal.

Other notable anniversaries include the 1848 opening of the first medical school for women in Boston, the 1897 opening of the Library of Congress to readers, and the 1952 testing of the first hydrogen bomb, Ivy Mike, at the Eniwetok Atoll. Additionally, the Maastricht Treaty, which established the European Union, was signed in 1992 and entered into force on this day in 1993.