Horn of Africa sees rising geopolitical competition for strategic influence

The Horn of Africa is experiencing heightened geopolitical competition as global and regional powers vie for strategic influence. International actors, including the United States, China, the European Union, Turkey, and various Gulf states, are increasingly active in the region to secure economic and security interests.

A central point of contention is the status of Somaliland. While the United States officially recognizes the sovereignty of Somalia, it has increased strategic engagement with Somaliland, particularly regarding the Berbera Port. Analysts suggest that the interest in Somaliland is driven by the need to secure Red Sea maritime routes and counter threats such as the Houthi movement in Yemen.

Other nations are also adjusting their regional postures. Israel has shown interest in Somaliland, and India is monitoring the region closely to protect its primary sea routes for goods and services traveling to Europe and North America. Additionally, Turkey’s presence in Somalia, including the construction of a rocket testing facility, is a factor influencing the strategic calculations of regional powers.