Hybrid warfare tactics target nations through non-conventional means

Hybrid warfare involves a range of activities in a 'grey zone' that are perceived as hostile but do not constitute conventional armed conflict. These tactics include cyberattacks, hacking, the destabilization of information networks, and the use of artificial intelligence to undermine defenses.

Key examples of hybrid tactics include the use of migrants as political leverage, such as the 2021 crisis at the borders of Belarus, Poland, and the Baltic states. Other methods involve the deployment of drones near airports in Denmark, Norway, and Germany to cause economic disruption, as well as the use of social media platforms like TikTok and YouTube to spread disinformation.

Experts note that modern conflicts often blend traditional warfare with these immaterial dimensions. For instance, the war in Ukraine combines trench warfare and physical combat with highly sophisticated drone technology and digital warfare.