India revives ancient water systems to combat scarcity

Communities across India are increasingly reviving ancient water management systems to combat severe water scarcity and the effects of climate change. While modern infrastructure often struggles with depletion and evaporation, traditional structures such as baori, johad, kund, tanka, and nadi are being recognized for their climate-resilient properties.

A notable success is the Moosi Rani Sagar stepwell in Alwar, Rajasthan. Built in the early 1800s, the structure was heavily contaminated and inconsistent until a consortium of non-profits began restoration efforts in 2021. By 2025, the stepwell reached water depths of up to 9 meters (30 feet), overflowing for the first time in over 30 years. Local residents report that water levels now remain stable even during the driest months.

These historical systems, some functioning for over 1,000 years, work by slowing water flow to allow for better soil infiltration. This approach offers a sustainable alternative to modern dams and canals, which can be prone to rapid evaporation.