Indian Air Force faces fighter jet shortage amid regional tensions

The Indian Air Force (IAF) is facing a critical shortage of combat aircraft, with active fighter squadrons estimated at 29 to 31. This falls significantly short of the 42-squadron requirement necessary to maintain deterrence against simultaneous threats from China and Pakistan.

The deficit is driven by the retirement of legacy fleets, such as the MiG-21 Bison, and delays in domestic manufacturing and procurement. While India’s Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) remains under development, the IAF is seeking immediate solutions to bridge the operational gap. To address this, Russia has reportedly proposed two options: the Su-57 fifth-generation fighter jet and a major upgrade program for the existing Su-30MKI fleet, often referred to as the ‘Super Sukhoi’.

Regional tensions are escalating as China deploys advanced J-20 stealth fighters and Pakistan inducts modern J-10C jets. The operational strain of maintaining air superiority was highlighted during Operation Sindoor in May 2025, where the depleted fleet faced challenges in managing sustained combat air patrols and escort coverage.