Institutional concerns rise in Venezuela and Mexico

In Venezuela, critics argue that recent institutional reforms, such as the Amnesty Law, serve to maintain power rather than restore democratic standards. The law excludes significant categories of detainees, including those accused of terrorism, corruption, and crimes against humanity. According to a UN Fact-Finding Mission report, the state's repressive apparatus remains intact despite government changes, with an estimated 379 to 500 political prisoners still in custody.

In Mexico, the National Electoral Institute (INE) faces allegations of corruption and lack of transparency. Concerns have centered on the leadership of Guadalupe Taddei Zavala, whose appointment and subsequent discretionary powers over key appointments have been criticized. The situation has led to her announced departure from the presidency of the electoral body.