Invasive Pufferfish Raises Public Health Risks in Eastern Mediterranean

The tropical pufferfish Lagocephalus sceleratus, which entered the Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal, has become established across the Eastern Mediterranean. Populations are now reported in Turkey, Cyprus, Greece, Egypt and coastal areas of Lebanon, Israel and Syria, with additional records in Libya, Tunisia, Malta, Italy, the Adriatic Sea and Gibraltar.

The species is a predatory fish that preys on commercial cephalopods, contributing to declines in local fisheries. Human health impacts have been documented: a review of cases from 2004‑2023 recorded 28 bite injuries and at least 170 poisoning incidents, including 27 fatalities. The data were compiled from online sources, medical records and interviews, highlighting the lack of a systematic surveillance system and the need for standardized monitoring of pufferfish‑related incidents.

Authorities are urged to improve public awareness and reporting mechanisms to mitigate the growing public‑health threat posed by this invasive species.