Iron deficiency prevalence and diagnostic challenges

Iron deficiency is a widespread and often underrecognized condition. According to the American Society of Hematology, more people are low in iron than any other micronutrient. A 2024 study suggests nearly one-third of adults in the United States may be iron deficient.

Routine screenings for high-risk groups, such as children and pregnant women, may miss more than 70% of cases. Symptoms of deficiency include fatigue, weakness, and brain fog. While often linked to anemia—a condition where insufficient red blood cells fail to carry enough oxygen to tissues—iron deficiency can occur without affecting hemoglobin or red blood counts.

Other potential indicators include restless leg syndrome and pica, which involves cravings for nonfood items like ice or clay. New diagnostic recommendations released by the American Society of Hematology in September aim to facilitate earlier treatment for patients.