Italian researchers study epigenetics in pediatric multiple sclerosis

A group of Italian researchers has conducted a study to investigate the role of epigenetics in the development of pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS). The research, published in ‘Neurology, Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation’, explores how lifestyle factors influence gene activity by ‘turning on’ or ‘off’ certain genes without altering the underlying DNA.

While MS is driven by genetic predisposition and environmental risks—such as the Epstein-Barr virus, smoking, vitamin D deficiency, obesity, and pollutants—this study highlights epigenetics as a critical third factor. The research was part of the Pedigree Project, funded by the Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation (Fism), and involved collaboration across 29 specialized pediatric MS centers throughout Italy.